Reports

Offshore wind is the primary supplier of CO2-free electricity moving towards decarbonising the Dutch power system. The installed capacity aims to increase sevenfold to 21.5 GW by 2030. However, the current market trends of increasing renewable capacity, industrial electrification, gas and CO2 prices, the expansion of interconnection, and the need for grid reinforcements are making the power market more volatile.

Offshore wind is the primary supplier of CO2-free electricity moving towards decarbonising the Dutch power system. The installed capacity aims to increase sevenfold to 21.5 GW by 2030. However, the current market trends of increasing renewable capacity, industrial electrification, gas and CO2 prices, theexpansion of interconnection, and the need for grid reinforcements are making the power market more volatile.

This BEYOND4.0 D4.1 report covers three research activities: firstly, it describes fourteen cases of entrepreneurial ecosystems in eight regions in six EU countries, based upon desk research into quantitative indicators, interviews and workshops with actors from the respective ecosystems. In the description, we provide information about the elements of the ecosystems, the impact of digital transformation on the ecosystems and the social and economic outcomes of the ecosystems.

This study assesses the needs and vulnerabilities of the EU in accessing products containing Critical Raw Materials (CRM) needed for the green and digital transitions in a changing geopolitical context. It provides an overview on the wider situation, as well as a policy context. The study sets out to identify at which stage of the supply chain, ranging from raw materials to final products, the European industrial eco-system is dependent on CRM imports.